About GIS
Geographic Information System or GIS can simply be defined as a computer based integrated database management system, which stores large volume of spatial data with its attribute or non-spatial data that are captured, stored, retrieved, processed and analyzed for providing answers to queries of a geographical nature.
GIS Components
GIS consists of five key components: Hardware, Software, Data, People and Methods.
Computer Hardware Module is generally a computer or central processing unit. It is linked to a disk drive storage unit, which provides space for storing data and programs. A digitizer, scanner and other device is used to convert data from maps and documents into digital form and send them to computer.
GIS Digitization
It is a process whereby data is converted from analog to digital format. The most common type of digitizers that are used are electrical orthogonal fine wire grid and electrical-wave phase type. Both the digitalizers can be supplied in formats ranging from 11 inch X 11 inch to 40 inch X 60 inch, as table or free standing models with or without back lighting.
Scanning
A scanner converts analog information be it a map, photograph or an overlay into digital format that can be used by the computer. Scanning captures map features, text, and symbols as individual cells, or pixels, and produces an automated image.The primary component of the scanner is the scanner head.
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